Rotational programs place graduate hires through 3–6 month stints across multiple functional teams inside the same employer before landing them into a permanent role. In Egypt the largest formal rotational cohorts sit inside the telcos (Vodafone Discover rotates through 4 functions over 24 months; Orange Business Graduate similarly; Etisalat Future Leaders), the FMCG MTP schemes (P&G, Unilever UFLP, Nestlé), the banks (CIB Cornerstone, Mashreq ACE), and the multinational R&D centres (IBM Egypt, Vodafone Group's VOIS, Ericsson) that offer engineering-rotation tracks. The programs typically pay competitively against multinational graduate bands and convert at high rates (>80% for most flagship schemes) to full-time offers on completion.